[新聞] 衛星證實河狸正在嘗試解救地球

備註請放最後面 違者新聞文章刪除 1.媒體來源: 外媒 space.com 2.記者署名: By Sharmila Kuthunur 3.完整新聞標題: Beavers are helping fight climate change, satellite data shows 衛星證實河狸正在嘗試解救地球 4.完整新聞內文: Beavers are helping fight climate change, satellite data shows By Sharmila Kuthunur published 16 hours ago Satellites reveal denser green patches of vegetation where beavers were reintroduced. 衛星顯示，河狸被重新引入的地方有更茂密的綠色植被。 A beaver floating in the water. 一隻河狸漂浮在水中。 Scientists are using satellite data to identify streams where beavers can be reintroduced to help boost the local ecosystem. (Image credit: NASA) 科學家正在利用衛星數據來識別可以重新引入河狸的溪流，以幫助促進當地生態系統的發 展。 （圖片來源：美國太空總署） As global warming intensifies droughts, floods and wildfires around the world, scientists in western United States are turning to beavers to help reverse some of the damage. Scientists at Utah's Boise State University and Utah State University are using satellite data to identify streams where once-eradicated beavers can be re-introduced to boost vegetation. They're also recording how water abundance and vegetation bordering those streams changes once beavers return — metrics of environmental health. 隨著全球暖化加劇了世界各地的乾旱、洪水和野火，美國西部的科學家開始利用河狸來幫 助扭轉一些損失。 猶他州博伊西州立大學和猶他州立大學的科學家正在利用衛星數據來確定可以重新引入曾 經被消滅的河狸以促進植被生長的溪流。他們也記錄了河狸返回後水豐度和溪流週邊植被 的變化—環境健康指標。 "The real value of using satellite data for monitoring is that there are people on the ground working hard and implementing things like increasing water availability, increasing fish and species habitat," Jodi Brandt, an associate professor at Boise State University who leads a team using satellite data to quantify the impact of beavers on local ecosystems, said in a previous NASA statement. "The more support we can give them, the more broadly these practices can proliferate." 由博伊西州立大學副教授Jodi Brandt 領導的一個團隊表示：「使用衛星數據進行監測的 真正價值在於，人們在地面上努力工作並實施諸如增加水資源供應、增加魚類和物種棲息 地之類的事情。 」美國太空總署。 “我們給予他們的支持越多，這些做法就能得到 更廣泛的推廣。” Beavers are "furry weapons of climate resilience," according to one New York Times article. They are innately wired to build dams on rivers and streams, a measure of protection from predators like bears, cougars and wolves. These dams, composed of materials sourced from trees, branches, twigs, stones and grasses cut by beavers' teeth, slow the flow of water that would otherwise gush through the region, according to the National Park Service. The pools subsequently created by the dams then offer a safe haven for the beaver to build their oven-shaped dens while also boosting green vegetation — in turn, this reduces the risk of forest fires and mitigating the effects of droughts and floods that have become increasingly frequent and severe in recent years due to human-induced global warming. 《紐約時報》的一篇文章稱，河狸是「適應氣候變遷的毛茸茸的武器」 。它們天生就喜 歡在河流和溪流上建造水壩，這是抵禦熊、美洲獅和狼等掠食者的保護措施。據國家公園 管理局稱，這些水壩由來自樹木、樹枝、細枝、石頭和河狸牙齒切下的草的材料組成，可 以減緩流經該地區的水流。大壩隨後形成的水池為河狸建造烤箱狀巢穴提供了一個安全的 避風港，同時也促進了綠色植被的生長—反過來，這降低了森林火災的風險，並減輕了 日益嚴重的乾旱和洪水的影響。 A 3-month-old beaver kit enjoys its new home after its family was relocated from a concrete drainage ditch in urban Aurora, Colorado, to a private ranch in the foothills of the Rocky Mountains. (Image credit: Sarah Koenigsberg) 一隻三個月大的河狸幼崽從科羅拉多州奧羅拉市的一條混凝土排水溝搬到了落基山脈山麓 的一個私人牧場後，正在享受它的新家。（圖片來源：莎拉·科尼斯堡） Until the late 1800s, beavers had been common in lakes, streams and marshes throughout North America. However, unregulated trapping driven by a new demand for beaver fur reduced the animal's population from as many as 400 million beavers in the 1600s to just 10 million to 15 million today, according to the California Department of Fish and Wildlife. 直到 1800 年代末，河狸在北美各地的湖泊、溪流和沼澤中都很常見。然而，根據加州魚 類和野生動物部的數據，由於對河狸皮毛的新需求，不受管制的誘捕行為導致河狸數量 從 1600 年代的 4 億隻減少到如今的 1000 萬至 1500 萬隻。 In response to the decline, California, Idaho and Utah are among a handful of U.S. states that have recently launched major beaver restoration programs. Sure enough, data from a NASA satellite shows denser patches of green vegetation where beavers have been reintroduced when compared to areas where their population is limited. For instance, a stream near Preston, Idaho, is now flowing 40 days longer into the year thanks to over 200 beaver dams that appeared after ranchers began beaver rewilding, according to a previous NASA statement. 為了因應河狸數量下降的情況，加州、愛達荷州和猶他州等美國少數州最近啟動了大型河 狸復育計畫。果然，來自美國太空總署衛星的數據顯示，與河狸數量有限的地區相比，河 狸被重新引入的地區有更密集的綠色植被。例如，根據NASA 先前的聲明，由於牧場主開 始河狸野化後出現了 200 多個河狸水壩，愛達荷州普雷斯頓附近的一條溪流現在的流水 時間延長了 40 天。 A diagram showing where beavers were relocated and where they were note as well as the differences between the areas. 這張圖顯示了河狸被重新安置的位置、它們被記錄的位置以及區域之間的差異。 美國太空總署陸地衛星資料有助於識別可以重新引入河狸的溪流，以幫助改善生態系統。 此衛星影像中的植被指示了溪流或小溪的流動位置，並揭示了河狸活動的好處。（圖片來 源：美國太空總署） NASA Landsat data helps identify streams where beavers can be reintroduced to help improve an ecosystem. The vegetation in this satellite image indicates where streams or creeks are flowing and reveals the benefits of beaver activity. (Image credit: NASA) "Prior to beaver trapping, beaver dams were just about everywhere in the west. So what we're attempting to do is to bring beaver dam densities back to historic levels where possible," he said. "In doing so, we're building important drought resiliency and restoring stream areas." 「在獵捕河狸之前，河狸壩在西部幾乎隨處可見。因此，我們正在嘗試做的就是盡可能將 河狸壩的密度恢復到歷史水平，」他說。 “通過這樣做，我們正在建立重要的抗旱能力 並恢復河流地區。” The online Beaver Restoration Assessment Tool, or BRAT, uses data from NASA's Landsat and European Sentinel satellites to spot restoration sites that would benefit the most from beaver-led reintroduction. The tool takes into account available trees that beavers could use for building dams, thereby increasing water flow, vegetation and supporting in-place human infrastructure. Once the researchers choose a site, they attract beavers by constructing temporary beaver-dam-like structures that make the area more hospitable for beaver families. 線上河狸恢復評估工具（BRAT）使用來自美國宇航局陸地衛星和歐洲哨兵衛星的數據來發 現最能從河狸主導的重新引入中受益的恢復地點。該工具考慮了河狸可以用來建造水壩的 可用樹木，從而增加水流、植被並支持當地的人類基礎設施。一旦研究人員選擇了一個地 點，他們就會透過建造臨時的河狸壩狀結構來吸引河狸，使該地區更適合河狸家庭。 荒山之中鬱鬱蔥蔥的景色。 A view of a lush area amid barren mountains. Beaver dams and canals create wetlands and retain water, providing a wildfire-resistant safe haven for wildlife and speeding post-fire recovery, as this region in Baugh Creek, Idaho, shows. (Image credit: Schmiebel, CC BY-SA 4.0) 正如愛達荷州鮑溪地區所顯示的那樣，河狸水壩和運河創造了濕地並保留了水源，為野生 動物提供了抗野火的安全港，並加快了火災後的恢復速度。（圖片來源：Schmiebel，CC BY-SA 4.0） Using satellite data allows researchers to not only kickstart these decades-long restoration efforts but also monitor the results over time, for which there are often insufficient funds available, Brandt said in a recent NASA statement. She noted satellite data can also provide empirical evidence of the restoration efforts which can be used to boost funding and support from federal agencies, conservation groups, land trusts and other businesses. 布蘭特在美國太空總署最近的聲明中表示，利用衛星數據，研究人員不僅可以啟動長達數 十年的復原工作，還可以隨著時間的推移監測結果，而這方面的資金往往不足。她指出， 衛星資料還可以提供恢復工作的經驗證據，可用於增加聯邦機構、保護組織、土地信託和 其他企業的資金和支持。 "That's what applied science is all about – getting the users whatever is needed for environmental decision making," Cindy Schmidt, an associate program manager for NASA Ecological Conservation effort, said in the statement. "The future of our planet relies on these commercial partners working with us to do things more sustainably." 美國宇航局生態保護工作副項目經理辛迪·施密特在聲明中表示：“這就是應用科學的意 義所在—為用戶提供環境決策所需的一切。” “我們星球的未來依賴這些商業夥伴與 我們合作，以更可持續的方式開展工作。” 5.完整新聞連結 (或短網址)不可用YAHOO、LINE、MSN等轉載媒體: https://www.space.com/beaver-dam-nasa-satellite-data 6.備註: 你以為的地球超人 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=leNb3Qqq20s 真正的地球超人 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_fESNHnXJO4 -- ※ 發信站: 批踢踢實業坊(ptt.cc), 來自: 1.34.17.2 (臺灣) ※ 文章網址: https://www.ptt.cc/bbs/Gossiping/M.1714289478.A.4A6.html