[新聞] 人類即將目睹參宿四爆炸

備註請放最後面 違者新聞文章刪除 1.媒體來源: 約瑟夫·亨利，《科技時報》 2.記者署名: 約瑟夫·亨利，《科技時報》 3.完整新聞標題: Is Betelgeuse Becoming Supernova? Study Says Pulsations Indicate Nearing Explosion 參宿四會變成超新星嗎？研究稱脈動表明即將爆炸 4.完整新聞內文: Is Betelgeuse Becoming Supernova? Study Says Pulsations Indicate Nearing Explosion The red giant might be hinting at its supernova phase, but it will still take some decades before it explodes. Joseph Henry, Tech Times 04 July 2023, 12:07 pm Betelgeuse, a prominent star in the constellation Orion, has caught the attention of astronomers due to its unusual brightness. While the cause of this phenomenon remains uncertain, a research team has analyzed Betelgeuse's long-standing variability patterns and proposed a fascinating theory. According to their findings, Betelgeuse is not only in the carbon-burning stage of its life but is approaching the end of this phase. 參宿四會變成超新星嗎？研究稱脈動表明即將爆炸 這顆紅巨星可能暗示著它的超新星階段，但它仍然需要幾十年的時間才能爆炸。 約瑟夫·亨利，《科技時報》 2023 年 7 月 4 日，中午 12:07 參宿四是獵戶座的一顆著名恆星，因其異常的亮度而引起了天文學家的關注。雖然這種現 象的原因仍不確定，但一個研究小組分析了參宿四的長期變化模式，並提出了一個有趣的 理論。 根據他們的發現，參宿四不僅處於其生命的碳燃燒階段，而且正接近該階段的末期。 If their hypothesis is correct, this red giant could potentially go through subsequent stages of its evolution within a few decades, culminating in a supernova explosion within the lifespan of current generations. From Betelgeuse to Supernova Is Betelgeuse on its Way to Become Supernova? Study Says its Pulsations Indicate its Nearing Explosion Phase A preprint study about Betelgeuse suggests that its explosion could happen a few decades from now. Betelgeuse, as a highly evolved red supergiant, is destined to undergo a core-collapse supernova, emitting light comparable in brightness to a full moon. 如果他們的假設是正確的，那麼這顆紅巨星可能會在幾十年內經歷其演化的後續階段，最 終在當代人的壽命內引發超新星爆炸。 一項關於參宿四的預印本研究表明，它的爆炸可能會在幾十年後發生。 參宿四作為一顆高度演化的紅超巨星，注定會發生核心塌縮超新星，發出亮度與滿月相當 的光。 The biggest debate about the explosion of this star is the timeframe, according to IFL Science. Up to this day, scientists have not figured out the estimated longevity of the event. Many astronomers grew frustrated in predicting this stage and no one has even come close to proving years for this phenomenon. The conventional wisdom that every astronomer knows is that it will go supernova for approximately a hundred or a million years. To smash the doubts about the Betelgeuse explosion, a preprint of a paper submitted to the Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society suggests contrasting information. 據IFL Science稱，關於這顆恆星爆炸的最大爭論是時間範圍。直到今天，科學家們還沒 有弄清楚該事件的預計持續時間。 許多天文學家對這一階段的預測感到沮喪，甚至沒有人能夠證明這一現象的存在。 每個天文學家都知道的傳統觀點是，它會在大約一百或一百萬年內變成超新星。 為了消除人們對參宿四爆炸的疑慮，提交給《皇家天文學會月刊》的一篇論文預印本提出 了對比信息。 Betelgeuse's Evolution All stars begin their lives by fusing hydrogen into helium, a process that dominates their existence. As they deplete the hydrogen in their core, they transition to helium burning, while hydrogen fusion may persist in the outer layers. Subsequently, helium transforms into carbon, followed by a sequence of fusion processes involving neon, sodium, and magnesium, collectively known as carbon burning. It's important to note that carbon burning is distinct from the chemical ignition process associated with oxygen. 參宿四的演化 所有恆星的生命都是從氫聚變成氦開始的，這一過程主導著它們的存在。當它們耗盡核心 中的氫時，它們會轉變為氦燃燒，而氫聚變可能會在外層持續存在。 隨後，氦轉化為碳，隨後進行一系列涉及氖、鈉和鎂的聚變過程，統稱為碳燃燒。值得注 意的是，碳燃燒不同於與氧氣相關的化學點火過程。 Predicting Betelgeuse's Future Supernova explosions occur only after successive rounds of neon, oxygen, and silicon fusion. To estimate when Betelgeuse might experience its spectacular finale, it is crucial to determine its current stage. The preprint study, led by Dr. Hideyuki Saio from Tohoku University, suggests that Betelgeuse is not only burning carbon but also beginning to deplete its carbon supply. Betelgeuse's Pulsation Cycles Like other stars in the late stages of their lives, Betelgeuse undergoes pulsations, causing it to expand and contract with corresponding changes in brightness. Astronomers have tracked regular cycles of various durations, such as 185, 230, 420, and 2,200 days, along with other unpredictable fluctuations. The recent significant dimming in 2019-20 resulted from a dust outburst combined with the convergence of several pulsation cycles. 預測參宿四的未來 超新星爆炸只有在氖、氧和矽連續發生聚變之後才會發生。為了估計參宿四何時會經歷其 壯觀的結局，確定其當前階段至關重要。由東北大學 Hideyuki Saio 博士領導的預印本 研究表明，參宿四不僅在燃燒碳，而且開始耗盡其碳供應。 參宿四的脈動週期 與其他處於生命後期階段的恆星一樣，參宿四也會經歷脈動，導致其膨脹和收縮，並伴隨 相應的亮度變化。 天文學家追踪了各種持續時間的規律週期，例如 185 天、230 天、420 天和 2,200 天，以及其他不可預測的波動。最近 2019-20 年的顯著變暗是由爆發和幾個脈動週期的 收斂造成的。 What the Research Paper Says The research paper challenges the conventional view regarding the radial fundamental mode (RFM), which determines the pulsation period intrinsically linked to the star's radius. The authors propose that the 2,200-day cycle, rather than the previously believed 420-day cycle, represents the RFM. If their argument holds, Betelgeuse must be even larger than previously estimated, reaching a size of around 1,300 times the radius of the Sun. Such proportions for a star of its mass would indicate that Betelgeuse is nearing the end of its carbon-burning phase. Within a few decades from now, Betelgeuse will meet its untimely demise that will happen when the carbon-burning phase comes to a full stop. 研究論文說了什麼 該研究論文挑戰了關於徑向基本模式（RFM）的傳統觀點，該模式決定了與恆星半徑本質 上相關的脈動週期。 作者提出，2,200 天的周期，而不是之前認為的 420 天的周期，代表了 RFM。 如果他們的論點成立，參宿四一定比之前估計的還要大，達到太陽半徑的 1,300 倍左右 。對於同等質量的恆星來說，這樣的比例表明參宿四的碳燃燒階段已接近尾聲。 從現在起的幾十年內，當碳燃燒階段完全停止時，參宿四將過早消亡。 The final stages of the red supergiant are challenging to assess because astronomers do not know how much carbon reserves are left in its tank. The depletion of its components only suggests that its end is drawing near before it goes kaboom. The research paper "The evolutionary stage of Betelgeuse inferred from its pulsation periods" is accessible on ARXIV.org. 這顆紅超巨星的最後階段很難評估，因為天文學家不知道它的儲罐中還剩下多少碳儲量。 其成分的耗盡僅表明它在坍縮前已經停止碳燃燒階段。 研究論文“從脈動週期推斷參宿四的進化階段”可在ARXIV.org 上訪問。 5.完整新聞連結 (或短網址)不可用YAHOO、LINE、MSN等轉載媒體: https://reurl.cc/p6K3ol 6.備註: 獵戶座也會連帶消失了(缺角)，哭啊。 -- ※ 發信站: 批踢踢實業坊(ptt.cc), 來自: 114.32.126.22 (臺灣) ※ 文章網址: https://www.ptt.cc/bbs/Gossiping/M.1688625945.A.16F.html