[新聞] 佛羅里達的鯊魚會吸食墜海的古柯鹼包裹

1.媒體來源: livescience 2.記者署名: Hannah Osborne 3.完整新聞標題: 'Cocaine sharks' off Florida may be feasting on dumped bales of drugs 佛羅里達的鯊魚會吸食墜海的古柯鹼包裹 4.完整新聞內文: 'Cocaine sharks' off Florida may be feasting on dumped bales of drugs News By Hannah Osborne published about 20 hours ago Shark Week show delves into whether sharks off the coast of Florida are coming into contact with the huge quantities of cocaine that get dumped in these waters. 佛羅里達州附近的“古柯鹼鯊魚”可能正在以傾倒的毒品大包為食 漢娜·奧斯本發表大約20小時前 《鯊魚週》節目深入探討佛羅里達州海岸附近的鯊魚是否接觸到傾倒在這些水域中的大量 古柯鹼。 For decades, huge bundles of cocaine have washed up on Florida beaches, having been smuggled from South and Central America. Hauls are often dumped at sea (both to give to smugglers and evade law enforcement), and currents and tides push them to shore. In June, the U.S. Coast Guard seized over 14,100 pounds (6,400 kilograms) of cocaine in the Caribbean Sea and Atlantic Ocean, with an estimated value of $186 million. 幾十年來，大批古柯鹼被沖上佛羅里達州的海灘，這些古柯鹼是從南美洲和中美洲走私而 來的。貨物經常被傾倒在海上（既是為了給走私者，也是為了逃避執法），洋流和潮汐將 它們推到岸邊。6月，美國海岸警衛隊在加勒比海和大西洋查獲超過14,100磅（6,400公斤 ）古柯鹼，估計價值1.86億美元。 With so much cocaine entering the waters, Tom "The Blowfish" Hird wanted to find out whether the thousands of sharks off Florida were ingesting the dumped narcotics, and — if so — whether the drugs were having any impact on them. In "Cocaine Sharks," which is part of Discovery's Shark Week, Hird and University of Florida environmental scientist Tracy Fanara carry out a series of experiments to find out. 由於大量古柯鹼進入水域，湯姆“河豚”赫德想查明佛羅里達州附近的數千條鯊魚是否攝 入了傾倒的麻醉品，如果是的話，這些藥物是否對它們產生了任何影響。在探索鯊魚週的 一部分“古柯鹼鯊魚”中，赫德和佛羅里達大學環境科學家特雷西·法納拉進行了一系列 實驗來找出答案。 "The deeper story here is the way that chemicals, pharmaceuticals and illicit drugs are entering our waterways — entering our oceans — and what effect that they then could go on to have on these delicate ocean ecosystems," Hird told Live Science. 赫德告訴《生活科學》：“這裡更深層的故事是化學品、藥品和非法藥物進入我們的 水道、進入我們的海洋的方式，以及它們對這些脆弱的海洋生態系統產生的影響。” Hird and Fanara set their sights on the Florida Keys, where fishers tell stories of sharks consuming drugs that have been funneled into the region on ocean currents. In the show, they dive with sharks to look for any unusual behaviors and begin to see sharks acting in unexpected ways. One great hammerhead (Sphyrna mokarran) — a species that's normally wary of people — comes straight at the team and appears to be swimming with a wonk. At a shipwreck 60 feet (18 meters) beneath the surface, Hird encounters a sandbar shark (Carcharhinus plumbeus) that appears to be fixated on something and swims in tight circles, despite there being nothing in sight. 赫德和法納拉把目光投向了佛羅里達群島，那裡的漁民講述了鯊魚食用隨洋流流入該地區 的藥物的故事。在節目中，他們與鯊魚一起潛水，尋找任何異常行為，並開始看到鯊魚以 意想不到的方式行事。一隻大雙髻鯊（Sphyrna mokarran）—一種通常對人類保持警惕的 物種—徑直向團隊走來，看起來像是在游泳。在海面以下 60 英尺（18 公尺）的沉船 殘骸中，赫德遇到了一條沙洲鯊（Carcharhinus plumbeus），它似乎固定在某物上，並 在小範圍內繞圈游動，儘管看不到任何東西。 To investigate further, Hird and Fanara design three experiments to see how sharks react to bales of "cocaine" dropped in the water. They create packages similar in size and appearance to real cocaine bales. In the first, they set these pseudo-bales next to dummy swans to see what the sharks go to. To their surprise, the sharks head straight for the bales, taking bites from them. One shark even grabs a bale and swims off with it. 為了進一步調查，赫德和法納拉設計了三個實驗，看看鯊魚對掉入水中的“古柯鹼”包有 何反應。他們製作的包裝在尺寸和外觀上與真正的古柯鹼包相似。首先，他們將這些假包 放在假天鵝旁邊，看看鯊魚會去哪裡。令他們驚訝的是，鯊魚直奔這些草捆而去，咬了一 口。一條鯊魚甚至抓住了一個包並帶著它遊走了。 Next, they make a bait ball of highly concentrated fish powder, which would trigger a dopamine rush as close to a hit of cocaine as the team could feasibly (and ethically) do. The sharks are seen going wild. "I think we have got a potential scenario of what it may look like if you gave sharks cocaine," Hird said in the film. "We gave them what I think is the next best thing. [It] set [their] brains aflame. It was crazy." 接下來，他們製作了一個高度濃縮的魚粉誘餌球，這會引發多巴胺的激增，就像團隊在可 行（並且在道德上）可以做到的那樣，類似於可卡因的刺激。人們看到鯊魚變得瘋狂。赫 德在影片中說：“我認為我們已經得到了一個可能的場景，如果你給鯊魚餵古柯鹼，可能 會出現什麼情況。” “我們給了他們我認為是次好的東西。[它]點燃了[他們]的大腦。 這太瘋狂了。” Finally, the team drop their fake cocaine bales from an airplane to simulate a real-life drug drop — and multiple shark species, including tiger sharks (Galeocerdo cuvier), move in. 最後，團隊從飛機上投下假古柯鹼包來模擬現實生活中的毒品投擲，包括虎鯊（ Galeocerdo cuvier）在內的多種鯊魚物種紛紛湧入。 Hird said that what they uncovered doesn't necessarily show that sharks in Florida are consuming cocaine. A multitude of factors could explain the behavior observed during filming, and these experiments would need to be repeated over and over to draw full conclusions. 赫德說，他們的發現並不一定表明佛羅里達州的鯊魚正在食用古柯鹼。有多種因素可以解 釋拍攝過程中觀察到的行為，並且需要一遍又一遍地重複這些實驗才能得出完整的結論 。 "We have no idea what [cocaine] could do to the shark," Hird told Live Science, adding that of the limited research that's been done, different fish appear to react in different ways to the same chemical. "So we can't even say well this is a baseline and go from here," he said. “我們不知道[古柯鹼]會對鯊魚產生什麼影響，”赫德告訴《生活科學》，並補充說，根 據已經完成的有限研究，不同的魚似乎對同一種化學物質有不同的反應。“所以我們甚至 不能說這是一個起始線並從這裡開始，”他說。 But he said he hopes the show will lead to more research in the area, and that he'd like to carry out more tests, including on tissue and blood samples, to find out whether there is evidence of cocaine in these sharks' bodies. 但他表示，他希望該節目能夠引發該領域的更多研究，並且他希望進行更多測試，包括組 織和血液樣本，以查明這些鯊魚體內是否存在古柯鹼的證據。 And it's not just cocaine that may be a problem. "The other thing we might find is actually this long flow, [this] drip of pharmaceuticals: caffeine, lidocaine, cocaine, amphetamine, antidepressants, birth control — this long slow drift of them from cities into the [ocean] is… starting to hit these animals," Hird said. "Cocaine Sharks" is on the Discovery Channel at 10 p.m. ET/PT on Wednesday, July 26. 問題不只是古柯鹼。“我們可能會發現的另一件事實際上是這種長長的流動，[這種]藥物 滴注：咖啡因、利多卡因、古柯鹼、安非他命、抗抑鬱藥、節育藥物——它們從城市緩慢 漂流到[海洋]......開始攻擊這些動物，”赫德說。 “古柯鹼鯊魚”將於 7 月 26 日星期三東部時間/太平洋時間晚上 10 點在探索頻道播出 。 5.完整新聞連結 (或短網址)不可用YAHOO、LINE、MSN等轉載媒體: https://reurl.cc/VLQn6A 6.備註: 驚悚片又有新題材了，居然還會撿空降包開趴誒？ -- ※ 發信站: 批踢踢實業坊(ptt.cc), 來自: 114.32.92.135 (臺灣) ※ 文章網址: https://www.ptt.cc/bbs/Gossiping/M.1689920232.A.65C.html