[新聞] 鴻海集團董事長劉揚偉：富士康必須考慮應

1.媒體來源: BBC 2.記者署名: Karishma Vaswani、Lionel Lim 3.完整新聞標題: 鴻海集團董事長劉揚偉：富士康必須考慮應對最壞的局面 4.完整新聞內文: 2023年6月20日 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XhKrOGrqfQQ 隨著美中兩個超級大國關係降至冰點，總部設在台灣的富士康公司正在面臨抉擇。 這家電子製造巨頭負責生產蘋果公司60%的產品，包括iPhone手機。 在一次獨家專訪中，富士康的母公司鴻海科技集團董事長劉揚偉告訴BBC，希望台海戰爭 不會發生，但自己也在為最壞的局面做凖備。 -- iPhone maker Foxconn to switch to cars as US-China ties sour iPhone製造商鴻海因美中關係惡化而轉向電動車 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=syrxbYTKW1Y https://c.files.bbci.co.uk/1175/production/_130096440_gettyimages-1231748481.jpg Foxconn chairman and CEO Young Liu 鴻海董事長兼執行長劉揚偉 iPhone maker Foxconn is betting big on electric cars and redrawing some of its supply chains as it navigates a new era of icy Washington-Beijing relations. iPhone製造鴻海在電動車上投入巨資，並重新規劃其部分供應鏈，以應對華盛頓 與北京關係冰冷的新時代。 In an exclusive interview, chairman and boss Young Liu told the BBC what the future may hold for the Taiwanese firm. He said even as Foxconn shifts some supply chains away from China, electric vehicles (EVs) are what will drive its growth in the coming decades. As US-China tensions soar, Mr Liu said, Foxconn must prepare for the worst. "We hope peace and stability will be something the leaders of these two countries will keep in mind," 67-year-old Mr Liu told us, in his offices in Taipei, Taiwan's capital. "But as a business, as a CEO, I have to think about what if the worst case happens?" The scenarios could include attempts by Beijing to blockade Taiwan, which it claims as part of China, or worse, to invade the self-ruled island. Mr Liu said "business continuity planning" was already under way, and pointed out that some production lines, particularly those linked to "national security products" were already being moved from China to Mexico and Vietnam. He was likely to be referring to servers Foxconn makes that are used in data centres, and can contain sensitive information. Foxconn, or Hon Hai Technology Group as it is officially known, started off in 1974, making knobs for TVs. Now it is one of the world's most powerful technology companies, with an annual revenue of $200bn (￡158.2bn). It is best known for making more than half of Apple's products - from iPhones to iMacs - but it also counts Microsoft, Sony, Dell and Amazon among its clients. For decades, it has thrived on a playbook perfected by multinational corporations - they design products in the US, manufacture them in China and then sell them to the world. That is how it grew from a small component-making business to the consumer electronics giant it is today. But as global supply chains adjust to souring ties between Washington and Beijing, Foxconn finds itself in an unenviable spot - caught between the world's two biggest economies, the very nations that have powered its growth until now. The US and China are at loggerheads over many things, from trade to the war in Ukraine. But one of the biggest potential flashpoints is Taiwan, where Foxconn is headquartered. 在一次獨家採訪中，董事長兼老闆劉揚偉向 BBC 講述了這家台灣公司的未來。 他表示，即使富士康將部分供應鏈從中國大陸轉移出去，電動車 (EV) 仍將推動其 未來幾十年的增長。劉先生表示，隨著美中緊張局勢加劇，鴻海必須做好最壞的打算。 「我們希望和平與穩定能夠成為兩國領導人牢記的事情」，67歲的劉先生在台灣首都 台北的辦公室裡告訴我們。 「但作為一個企業，作為一個執行長，我必須考慮如果最壞的情況發生了怎麼辦？」 這些情景可能包括北京試圖封鎖台灣（它聲稱台灣是中共的一部分），或更糟糕的是 入侵這個自治島嶼。 劉先生表示，「業務連續性計劃」已經在進行中，並指出一些生產線，特別是與 「國家安全產品」相關的生產線，已經從中國大陸轉移到墨西哥和越南。 他可能指的是鴻海製造的伺服器，這些伺服器用於數據中心，可能包含敏感信息。 FOXCONN（正式名稱為鴻海科技集團）成立於 1974 年，主要生產電視旋鈕。 現在它是世界上最強大的科技公司之一，年收入達 2000 億美元（1582 億英鎊）。 它以生產蘋果一半以上的產品（從 iPhone 到 iMac）而聞名，但它的客戶也包括微軟、 索尼、戴爾和亞馬遜。幾十年來，它一直依靠跨國公司完善的劇本蓬勃發展，他們在 美國設計產品，在中國大陸製造，然後銷往世界各地。這就是它如何從一家小型零部件 製造企業成長為今天的消費電子巨頭。但隨著全球供應鏈適應華盛頓和北京之間關係的 惡化，鴻海發現自己處於一個令人羨慕的境地，夾在世界上最大的兩個經濟體之間， 而這兩個國家正是迄今為止推動其增長的國家。 從貿易到烏克蘭戰爭，美國和中國大陸在很多事情上都存在分歧。 但最大的潛在爆發點之一是台灣，鴻海的總部所在地。 Caught in the middle 被夾在中間 Taiwan has been a thorny issue for a long time but Chinese leader Xi Jinping's repeated pledges of "reunification" have upset the uneasy status quo. Meanwhile, the US, under President Joe Biden, has been more vocal in its support for Taiwan in case of an attack. Some US voices have crossed China's red line, calling for independence, although the White House has reaffirmed its position that it maintains diplomatic relations with Beijing and not Taipei. There are hopes of a thaw with US Secretary of State Antony Blinken visiting China this weekend. But there are also fears of a conflict - one US general has estimated it could happen as soon as the next few years. "The United States and China are engaged in what we see as strategic competition," said Shihoko Goto, the deputy director for the Asia programme at the Wilson Center in Washington DC. "Foxconn wants to do business with both, but there can only be one winner." But Mr Liu does not think it is that simple. For one, he said, Foxconn's business model, which relies on US designs and Chinese manufacturing, is far from over. "We hire a lot of workers and most countries, including China, want to support their workers," Mr Liu said, adding that the Chinese government wants companies like Foxconn to keep going because of the huge number of jobs they create. Are rising tensions putting pressure on the model? "So far? We haven't seen it," he told us. But the West and its allies have called for countries and companies to "de-risk" from China - a long-term shift to curb global reliance on China that is yet to play out. When asked if that was impacting business, Mr Liu responded cautiously. Some overseas clients had pushed to move production out of China, he said, but this was their decision to make, not Foxconn's. "They get the push from their government about de-risking, and then they will let us know." 台灣長期以來一直是一個棘手的問題，但中國大陸領導人習近平一再承諾「統一」打破 了不安的現狀。 與此同時，在拜登總統的領導下，美國更加直言不諱地支持台灣應對 襲擊。一些美國聲音已經越過中國大陸的紅線，要求獨立，儘管白宮重申其與北京 而不是台北保持外交關係的立場。隨著美國國務卿安東尼·布林肯本週末訪問中國大陸， 兩國關係有望解凍。 但也有人擔心會發生衝突，一位美國將軍估計衝突最快在未來幾年內就會發生。 「美國和中國大陸正在進行我們認為的戰略競爭」，華盛頓特區威爾遜中心亞洲項目 副主任 後藤志保子 說。「鴻海希望兩者都做生意，但只有一個贏家。」 但劉先生認為事情沒有那麼簡單。他說一方面，鴻海依賴美國設計和中國大陸製造的 商業模式還遠未結束。劉先生表示：「我們僱傭了很多工人，包括中國大陸在內的大多數 國家都希望支持他們的工人。」他補充說，中國大陸政府希望像富士康這樣的公司繼續 運營，因為它們創造了大量就業機會。 日益緊張的局勢是否給模型帶來了壓力？ 「到目前為止？我們還沒有看到它，」 他告訴我們。但西方及其盟友呼籲各國和企業「降低」中國大陸的風險，這是遏制全球 對中國大陸依賴的長期轉變，但尚未見效。 當被問及這是否會影響業務時，劉先生謹慎地回答。 他說一些海外客戶曾推動將生產遷出中國大陸，但這是他們的決定，而不是鴻海的決定。 「他們得到政府關於降低風險的推動，然後他們會讓我們知道。」 https://c.files.bbci.co.uk/B44F/production/_130095164_gettyimages-1439736267.jpg Foxconn's manufacturing plant in Zhengzhou, China, was hit hard by Covid restrictions 鴻海位於中國大陸鄭州的製造工廠受到新冠限制的嚴重打擊 The Covid challenge 新冠疫情挑戰 Geopolitics aside, Covid-19 is another reason companies might consider "de-risking" from China. A mix of harsh Covid policies, a lack of space for quarantine and the infectiousness of the Omicron variant led to protests and riots at Foxconn's factory in Zhengzhou - the world's biggest iPhone plant - in late 2022. Hundreds of workers, who feared the spread of the virus, fled the campus on foot. Mr Liu said the scenes that played out for the world to see were caused by a lack of transportation due to Beijing's unyielding zero-Covid policy. But when pressed further, he admitted that he should have handled things differently. "If the same situation occurs again, I would stop production altogether," he said, reiterating that he would have made that decision even at the risk of irking clients like Apple. The company's success certainly rests on its impressive client base, but Foxconn is just as indispensable to those clients. To understand how essential it is to Apple, for instance, you just need to look at how much of the iPhone is made by Foxconn - around 60%, by some estimates. The factories in China make some of the most essential parts of the device - camera modules, connectors, even the back of the phone casing. 撇開地緣政治不談，新冠疫情是企業考慮「降低中國大陸風險」的另一個原因。 2022年底，嚴厲的新冠疫情政策、缺乏隔離空間以及Omicron變種病毒的傳染性， 導致富士康鄭州工廠（全球最大的iPhone工廠）發生抗議和騷亂。數百名工人擔心病毒 傳播病毒，徒步逃離校園。 劉先生說，全世界看到的場景是由於北京強硬的零新冠政策導致交通缺乏造成的。 但當進一步追問時，他承認他應該以不同的方式處理事情。 「如果同樣的情況再次發生，我會完全停止生產，」他說並重申即使冒著激怒蘋果等 客戶的風險，他也會做出這個決定。 該公司的成功當然取決於其令人印象深刻的客戶群，但鴻海對這些客戶同樣不可或缺。 例如要了解它對蘋果有多重要，你只需要看看有多少 iPhone 是富士康生產的據估計 大約 60%。 中國大陸工廠生產該設備的一些最重要的部件，相機鏡頭模組、連接器， 甚至手機外殼的背板。 iPhone on wheels iPhone裝上輪子 That expertise is also what Mr Liu is hoping will fuel Foxconn's next big bet: electric cars. "Look at this - this is a big iPhone, so we're very familiar with this," he said, pointing to a panel that controlled the car he had taken us for a drive in. Built for families and priced for an aspiring global middle class, the shiny white SUV is one of several models manufactured by Foxconn. "The reason why we think this is a great opportunity for us is that with the traditional gas engine, you have engines which are mostly mechanical. But with EVs, it's batteries and motors," he explains. That is a familiar language for a technology company like Foxconn, he added. Foxconn's hopes to capture about 5% of the global electric vehicle market in the next few years - an ambitious target given the firm has only made a handful of models so far. But it is a gamble that Mr Liu is confident will pay off. "It doesn't make sense for you to make [EVs] in one place, so regionalised production for cars is very natural," he added. Foxconn car factories will be based in Ohio in the US, in Thailand, Indonesia and perhaps even in India, he said. For now, the company will keep focusing on what it does best - making electronic products for clients. But perhaps not too far in the future, Foxconn will do the same for clients with electric cars. Either way, with the foray into electric cars, Foxconn is diversifying not just production but also supply lines - both of which, Mr Liu believes, hold the key to the company's future. 劉先生也希望這種專業知識能夠為鴻海的下一個大賭注提供動力：電動車。 「看看這個 - 這是一部大 iPhone，所以我們對此非常熟悉，」他指著一個面板說， 這個面板控制著他開車帶我們的電動車。 這款閃亮的白色 SUV 專為家庭打造，定價面向有抱負的全球中產階級，是鴻海生產的 多款車型之一。 「我們認為這對我們來說是一個很好的機會的原因是，對於傳統的燃氣引擎，你擁有的 引擎主要是機械的。但對於電動車，它是電池和電機，」他解釋道。 他補充說，對於像鴻海這樣的科技公司來說，這是一種熟悉的語言。 鴻海希望在未來幾年內佔據全球電動車市場約 5% 的份額，鑑於該公司迄今為止 只生產了少數幾款車型，這是一個雄心勃勃的目標。但這是一場劉先生有信心 會得到回報的一場賭博。 「在一個地方製造『電動車』沒有意義，因此電動車輛的區域化生產是很自然的」， 他補充道。他說鴻海電動車工廠將設在美國俄亥俄州、泰國、印度尼西亞，甚至可能 在印度。 目前該公司將繼續專注於它最擅長的領域，為客戶製造電子產品。但也許在不久的將來， 鴻海也會為擁有電動車的客戶做同樣的事情。不管怎樣，隨著進軍電動車領域， 鴻海不僅實現了生產多元化，還實現了供應線多元化，劉先生認為，這兩者都是 公司未來的關鍵。 https://c.files.bbci.co.uk/180F/production/_130095160_swdzx0_y.jpg Foxconn chairman Young Liu with one of the firm's electric cars 鴻海董事長劉揚偉與該公司的一輛電動車 5.完整新聞連結: 中文 https://www.bbc.com/zhongwen/trad/business-65958945 英文 https://www.bbc.com/news/business-65886658 6.備註: 鴻海不錯，劉董很棒! 郭董很棒! BBC英文專訪內容比較完整，可惜BBC中文只有少少幾句話 -- ※ 發信站: 批踢踢實業坊(ptt.cc), 來自: 36.227.8.178 (臺灣) ※ 文章網址: https://www.ptt.cc/bbs/Gossiping/M.1687424387.A.4A8.html